The development of biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and neurotechnology has once again brought one of the great questions of our time to the forefront: what it means to be human in an age in which the body and mind can be modified through technology. This book examines transhumanism and posthumanism through their historical and philosophical foundations, their most important scientific advances, and the ethical, social, and political debates surrounding human enhancement, identity, and the relationship between the biological and the technological.