Culture represents the soul of a nation and its people. This book centers on this theme, providing a comprehensive analysis of the transformations of, achievements in, and challenges to China's cultural development over the first four decades of reform and opening. The contributors provide an in-depth and systematic examination of the different aspects of this history, including institutions and policies, public services, heritage protection, industries, enterprises, market, consumption, trade, and international exchange. An entire chapter is devoted to fine arts and design.