In his history of modern philosophy, Youssef Karam presents a comprehensive intellectual panorama of the most prominent philosophical schools from the fifteenth century to the early twentieth, revealing the profound transformations that shaped the modern Western mind. He begins with the remnants of ancient philosophies that attempted to reconcile religion and reason, then sheds light on the major doctrines of Descartes, Pascal, and Spinoza, arriving at realists such as Bacon and Hume. He takes us to the philosophies of Maine de Biran and Auguste Comte, which sought a comprehensive system, before confronting us with the nineteenth-century struggle between materialists and spiritualists in the shadow of the Darwinian and Spencerian revolutions. In this work, the author not only recounts the history of ideas, but also reveals their perpetual struggle between reason and faith, between experience and the absolute, providing the reader with the keys to understanding the emergence of modern philosophy and its major conflicts.