Adam Smith, the Scottish economist and founder of classical economics, posed in the book "The Wealth of Nations," which is considered one of the most important economic references in our modern era, where he asked the important question: Why are there rich countries and poor countries? It is the same question that is still on the table to this day, as modern economists are trying to answer it, and it is still on the table to this day, and it will remain on the table, because when we reach its accurate and applicable answer, we will be able to eliminate the poverty of poor countries so that they can catch up with the rich countries, which is what this book is trying to reveal.