Semiarid and arid areas worldwide are subject to qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water resources. Both scarcity (water deficit) and the occurrence of water sources with high salt concentrations stand out as limiting factors for agricultural production. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish strategies that mitigate abiotic stresses aimed at facilitating the sustainability of crops and meeting growing needs for food production. This Special Issue titled "Mitigation Strategies and Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses" presents original research results on the effects of abiotic stresses, tolerance mechanisms, crop tolerance associated with mitigation strategies, and biomolecular mechanisms.