Andre Y. Denault , M.D., Ph.D. received his medical degree from the Universite de Montreal, Canada. He completed his training in Internal Medicine at McGill University, Montreal; Critical Care at the Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA; and Anesthesiology at the Universite de Montreal. Dr. Denault now works at the Montreal Heart Institute as a Cardiac Anesthesiologist and at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal in critical care. He is an Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at the Universite de Montreal and Clinical Scientist of the Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec, in Montreal, Canada.

Pierre Couture, M.D. received his medical degree from the Universite de Montreal, Canada. He is an Anesthesiologist at the Montreal Heart Institute and Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at the Universite de Montreal.

Annette Vegas, M.D. received her medical degree from McGill University, Montreal, Canada. She is a Staff Anesthesiologist and Director of Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) at Toronto General Hospital, Canada, with interests in cardiac anesthesia and TEE education.

Jean Buithieu, M.D. received his medical degree from the Universite de Montreal, Canada, and completed his Internal Medicine and Cardiology and Vascular Medicine training at the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine. He has been Director of Echocardiography and Non-invasive Cardiology at the McGill University Health Center in Montreal since 2001. His interests include cardiac imaging and peripheral vascular diseases.

Jean-Claude Tardif, M.D. received his medical degree from the Universite de Montreal, Canada. He is a Cardiologist and the Director of the Research Center at the Montreal Heart Institute. He is also Professor of Medicine and holds the endowed Pfizer Research Chair in Atherosclerosis at the Universite de Montreal. Dr. Tardif is the Scientific Director of the Montreal Heart