The Report of the Committee on Indigenous Systems of Medicine, Madras (1923), commissioned by the Madras government in 1921, was the first major health report to be published in India. It is commonly referred to as the Usman Report, after the committee's chairman Muhammad Usman. Its main purpose was to provide indigenous practitioners with an opportunity to put forward a strong case for state encouragement and financial support.The second volume of the Usman Report, titled "Written and Oral Evidence," mainly consists in written responses to a questionnaire relating to theoretical, practical, economic and institutional dimensions of medical practice. Practitioners' testimonies came from all over India and were submitted in English, Sanskrit, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kanna?a, and Oriya, providing a snapshot of the practices and sociopolitical positionings significant for those practicing traditional medicines in India at the beginning of the twentieth century.This volume provides the first English translation of the vernacular testimonies of this important document.