This Element examines the evolution of authoritarianism in Russia from 2011 to 2023, focusing on its impact on contentious action. The primary determinant of contention is authoritarian innovation. This Element underscores the role of authoritarianism and its responses in shaping contentious action.

This Element examines the evolution of authoritarianism in Russia from 2011 to 2023, focusing on its impact on contentious action. It argues that the primary determinant of contention, at both federal and regional levels, is authoritarian innovation characterized by reactive and proactive repression. Drawing on Russian legislation, reports from human rights organizations, media coverage, and a novel dataset of contentious events created from user-generated reports on Twitter using computational techniques, this Element contributes to the understanding of contentious politics in authoritarian regimes, underscoring the role of authoritarianism and its innovative responses in shaping contentious action.