The Biblioteca Básica Latino-Americana was originally conceived by Darcy Ribeiro during his years of exile in the 1960s-1970s. The proposal of the collection is thus to promote reflection on Latin American thought, presented in a comprehensive way, through essays and texts by important artists and thinkers. Mário de Andrade is an irreducible author whose work passes through the tensions of life itself. His modernism is in search of a voice of its own, one that assumes the Brazilian particularity as a universal value. In this volume, we bring together his politically oriented essays, thinking sharply and critically about the great themes of his time.