Humphrey Welfare is Visiting Fellow in the School of History, Classics, and Archaeology at the University of Newcastle. Formerly he was Director of the Architectural and Archaeological Survey at the Royal Commission, and, after merger with English Heritage, the Director of Research Projects. His last post before retirement in 2011 was as English Heritage Planning and Development Director for the North. Humphrey has published over 40 papers in peer-reviewed journals on the archaeology and history of southern Scotland and northern England, as well as 3 books, including Roman Camps in England: The Field Archaeology (with V. Swan, HMSO, 1995). He is a former Editor of the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.