Careless use of antibiotics and mutations due to changing environment are the main causes of development of resistance in pathogens. Therefore, old and common diseases are not cured by use of respective antibiotics and have become new threat in the community. The emergence of drug resistant organisms in both hospital and community is subject of major concern.Antibiotic resistance complicates the treatments of various infections and is associated with a higher patient morbidity, higher costs of re-evaluations and re-treatments, higher rates of hospitalisation and greater use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.Therefore, it is necessary to search new antibiotic to solve the problems of infectious diseases. About 80 percent antibiotics are extracted from actinomycetes,this book,therefore, provides ideas for screening of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from various habitats and their characterisation as well as production of antibiotics and their extractions by using suitable organic solvents.This book can be a good friend for students and researchers who are involving in the field of antibiotics, one of the great discoveries for humankind through microbiology.