Advances in molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its therapeutic applications. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practicality of clinical trials, this book examines rodent models for pain associated with bone cancer, osteoarthritis, and cardiac episodes. It covers the cloning of highly specific receptors and the analysis of modular molecular mechanisms relevant to painful neuropathies, while also considering the trend toward translational research in the commercial pharmaceutical industry.