This book documents the scientific developments in neuroscience and is all-inclusive. The neuronal doctrine currently reached its 100th year and along with the development of psychopharmacology by the middle of 20th century, boosted significant advancements in the knowledge of the biological bases of behavior. The great amount of data collected, forced the diversification of neuroscience into various sub-disciplines, but this division needs to dissolve in the 21st century and emphasize on particular procedures that involve varied theoretical and methodological approaches. The information presented in this book demonstrates that neuroscience converges in the search for accurate answers to numerous questions, including the process of communication among individuals, the pathways followed by cells and inflammation. The development of drug dependence, memory and learning, and approaches to elucidate the procedures that underlie two extremely incapacitating chronic degenerative diseases are also included.