With contributions by leading authors in the field, this volume disseminates and discusses how nanomaterial research and related engineering concepts may provide answers and viable solutions to a variety of socioeconomic issues and concerns. Examples of topics discussed are proton exchange membranes, carbon nanotube-based electrodes for fuel cells, advanced design of Li-batteries and supercapacitors, multifunctional catalysts for biomass conversion, and use of membranes in energy applications.